Abstrakt
Na rozdiel od iných nariadení, jedno z posledných európskych nariadení, Nariadenie Európskeho parlamentu a Rady (EÚ) č. 650/2012 zo 4. júla 2012 o právomoci, rozhodnom práve, uznávaní a výkone rozhodnutí a prijatí a výkone verejných listín v dedičských veciach a o zavedení európskeho osvedčenia o dedičstve, pripúšťa tzv. Renvoi. Výsledkom je, že na úrovni Európskej únie bola obnovená diskusia o tomto právnom inštitúte. Nasledujúci príspevok skúma relevantnosť a spôsob použitia spätného odkazu v medzinárodnom práve súkromnom, osobitne pri vzniku právnych kolízií.
Abstract
In contrast to other regulations one of the recent European regulations, the
European Regulation of Succession
1)
allows the so-called
renvoi
. As a result, the discussion about this construct has been rekindled at European level. This paper examines the relevance and treatment of the renvoi in private international law and in European conflict of law.Kľúčové slová
Renvoi, medzinárodné právo súkromné, konflikt v medzinárodnom práve súkromnom, negatívny konflikt
Key Words
renvoi, private international law, conflict of law, negative conflict
1 Introduction
The
Renvoi
is one of the most controversial issues in private international law. On 22 February 1882, the French "
Cour de Cassation
" made the landmark decision on the famous "
Forgo
" case.In it, the court accepted the remittal of the right of domicile of the Bavarian citizen Xavier Forgo, who died in France, to his last French right of residence and therefore applied French law to the succession after him.
2)
Previously English and German courts had already accepted a remittal of the primarily invoked foreign right to the lex fori as the last right of domicile of a testator. However, the discussion of the actual problem of
renvoi
only began with the Forgo affair.
3)
2 Term
In private international law (PIL), the term
renvoi
(actually only "reference") is used internationally for a very specific type of reference: for a reference back or further to the foreign legal system appointed by the PIL of the lex fori, which is called comprehensive reference.Such a reference arises internationally for various reasons. On the one hand, it can be taken from the meaning of the own reference to foreign law or be provided by law (e.g. Art. 4 sec. 1 to the German Introductory Law of the Civil Code (
EGBGB
); Art. 13 ital. PIL Act; Art. 5 sec. 1 and 2 Austrian. PIL Act and Art. 14 Swiss. IPRG). In some legal systems it is also completely excluded (Art. 32 Greek Civil Code).3 Types
The term renvoi is closely related to the
transmission provision
and
comprehensive reference.
First of all, it is necessary to clarify the difference between the types of reference - factual standard and comprehensive reference. These must be distinguished from each other, since the phenom of the renvoi can only occur in the case of a comprehensive reference.
A "substantive norm reference" exists if a conflict rule refers directly to the substantive law of a foreign state, so that the conflict rule of the foreign state is not questioned but the foreign substantive law is directly applicable.
4)
This manifestation is also referred to as "
unconditional referral