Regionalizmus ako nástroj zmeny vo vzťahu medzinárodného a vnútroštátneho práva (Pluralizmus na obzore), časť 2.

The relationship between international and national law has been traditionally defined by the theories of monism and dualism.¹⁾ These theories became established in a period when it was argued about the primacy of international law over national law or , or whether international law can be regarded as an autonomous legal system worth of adherence. However, the ideas have been replaced by reflections on the relationship between legal systems as such, in particular in the European area, where European law has wedged in between international and national law. The European Union continuously strengthens the autonomy of European law; therefore we present several considerations on the influence of European law as another legal order applicable by authorities of the member states on the relationship between the laws in conditions of the European region. Although the theory of pluralism is not a generally established and respected theory describing the relationship among international, European and national laws, a variety of different considerations lead us to revise our view of this relationship. They include new functions of international law, European regionalism and internationalization of constitutional law and other concepts, which were initially only applicable to national law. Also these reasons bring the ideas on legal pluralism of laws to the foreground. However, there are also considerations, which undermine the position of pluralism as a suitable theory for the relationship among international, European and national law, such as fragmentation of international law undermining the legal certainty in international law or constitutionalism at global or European level.

V prvej časti príspevku sme poukázali na niekoľko skutočností odôvodňujúcich vznik myšlienok o právnom pluralizme, preto je obsahom tejto časti príspevku objasne nie samotného pojmu pluralizmu a jeho niekoľkých podôb.

Pluralizmus môže byť použitý vo vzťahu k pluralite alebo početnosti platných právnych noriem v jednom právnom poriadku alebo, v globálnom rozsahu, vo vzťahu k početnosti právnych poriadkov. Zaujímavosťou je, že pojem pluralizmus sa používa v medzinárodnom práve vo vzťahu k pluralite noriem, prameňov a režimov v rámci medzinárodného práva (interný pluralizmus), rovnako ako vo vzťahu k pluralite právnych poriadkov mimo medzinárodného práva (externý pluralizmus).²⁾ Pojem pluralizmu sa môže taktiež používať iným spôsobom, a to s odkazom na rovnocenné právne normy alebo pramene, či už v rovnakom právnom poriadku, alebo medzi odlišnými právnymi poriadkami. V tomto zmysle je tak pluralizmus opakom hierarchie