K nedostatkom právnej úpravy nútenej správy (nielen) nad bankou
JUDr.
Ľubomír
Čunderlík
PhD.
prodekan, Katedra obchodného, finančného a hospodárskeho práva, Právnická fakulta
Univerzity Komenského v Bratislave.
ČUNDERLÍK, Ľ.: K nedostatkom právnej úpravy nútenej správy (nielen) nad bankou. Právny
obzor, 97, 2014, č.1, s.31 - 43.
Some Marks on Lacks of Legal Regulations of Forced Administration over Financial
Institution (With Impact on Banks).
Bank-receivership represents strict limitation for
shareholders rights and competencies of all bodies of the related bank. It is a reorganisation and
restructuring measure which may also impact upon the existing rights of third persons, including the
possibility of suspension of disposal by depositors of their deposits and the suspension of payments
and clearing in a bank subject to forced administration. Upon introduction of forced administration,
the execution of functions shall be suspended for all bodies of the bank and officers of the bank
and the duties of the board of directors and the supervisory board are transferred to the forced
administrator
of a bank. At the same time, the rights of shareholders are suspended to the specified
extent, except for the right to participate and vote at a general meeting convened by the forced
administrator
of a bank. During this time, the term of office of members of the statutory body and
the supervisory board does not elapse. Author deals with several significant application problems
arising specially in the legal regulation of bank-receivership performance, also known as forced
administration over a bank, according to Slovak Act on Banks. At first provides short introduction
into legal regulation of forced administration and in accordance with its purposes and intentions
gives proposals for appropriate amendments in systematic order of Slovak Act on Banks. Consequently
deals with partial application problems as following: introducing forced administration over a
branch office of a foreign bank from non EEA-State, the Fit and Proper assessment of forced
administrator
of a bank, deputy administrator
of a bank and their hired professional advisor for
receivership purposes, professional competence and integrity of persons appointed as forced
administrator
and deputy administrator
of a bank by the National Bank of Slovakia (NBS) as the
financial market supervisory authority, conducting of rights and duties of forced administrator
of a
bank pursuant to provisions of Act on Banks, etc.Key words:
Forced Administration, Reorganisation and Restructuring Measure,
Financial Institution, Financial Market Bodies, Bank, Branch of Foreign Bank, Act on Banks, Lack of
Regulation, Forced Administrator
, General Meeting, Statutory Body, Supervisory BoardI. Uvedenie do problematiky
1)Právnu úpravu zavedenia a výkonu nútenej správy nachádzame vo
viacerých zákonoch finančného trhu v závislosti od dohliadaných subjektov, nad ktorými sa
zavádza:
a)
pre banky a pobočky zahraničných bánk
v
zákone č.483/2001 Z.z. o bankách a o zmene a doplnení
niektorých zákonov v znení neskorších predpisov v ustanoveniach
§ 50 a
§ 53 až 62,b)
pre poisťovne, zaisťovne a pobočky zahraničných poisťovní a zaisťovní
v
zákone č.8/2008 Z.z. o poisťovníctve a o zmene a
doplnení niektorých zákonov v znení neskorších predpisov v ustanoveniach
č.§ 67 a
č.§ 70 až 78,c)
pre obchodníkov s cennými papiermi, pobočky zahraničných obchodníkov s cennými
papiermi a centrálne depozitáre cenných papierov
v zákone
č.566/2001 Z.z. o cenných papieroch a investičných službách a o zmene a doplnení niektorých
zákonov (zákon o cenných papieroch) v znení
neskorších predpisov v ustanoveniach § 144 a
§ 147 až
155,2)d)
pre prevádzkovateľov platobného systému a inštitúcie elektronických peňazí
v
zákone č.492/2009 Z.z. o platobných službách a o
zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov v znení neskorších predpisov v ustanoveniach
§ 62 a
§ 86,e)
pre podielové fondy
v zákone č.203/2011
Z.z. o kolektívnom investovaní v ustanoveniach §
202 a § 205,f)
pre